For the sake of simplicity, the diagram reflects the path of a valid data packet. Frame relay frame relay is a highperformance wan protocol that operates at the physical and data link layers of the osi reference model. Customers have made significant investments in equipment and processes that depend on frame relay or x. Frame relay was originally planning to use lapd but lapd was complete and was missing certain features. Pse dte are usually terminals dce devices are communication devices such as modems and packet switches and pse as generally located in carriers. Showing the steps for error recovery and noninformation frame processing for x. Frame relay is considered to be a more efficient version of x. Frame relay often is described as a streamlined version of x. In the older technology, the network delays, protocol overheads and equipment cost were the major drawbacks. Asynchronous transfer mode atm is a cell relay protocol that, in combination with sonet, allows highspeed connections.
It was originally defined by the international telegraph and telephone consultative committee ccitt, now itut in a series of drafts and finalized in a publication known as the orange book in 1976 this makes it one of the oldest packetswitching communication protocols available. It is likely that atm networks will ultimately replace frame relay and x. Frame relay is a virtualcircuit widearea network that was designed in response to demands for a new type of wan in the late 1980s and early 1990s. This is because frame relay typically operates over wan facilities that offer more reliable connection services and a. Frame relay is a standardized wide area network technology that specifies the physical and. Frame relay is one of the most popular wan service deployed over the past decade. Frame relay complete packet switching computer network.
The frame relay is the packet switched network as well as it may compare with the x. The success of the frame relay protocol is based on. To achieve these objectives, the network simply relays the packet, or frame, to a destination indicated by the layer 2. Difference between frame relay and atm with comparison.
Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Based on the various performance metrics, the comparative study demonstrates that atm has less delay compared to the x. Thus, in general, framerelay is less expensive than dedicated wan lines, but customers are not guaranteed bandwidth. This is commonly referred as ip tunneling whereby a destination. Frame relay atm pvc network service interworking implementation agreement. What are the advantages of frame relay over x25 answers. It was originally designed for use in the 1970s and became very popular in 1980s. The screen shot below is an example of the displayed data.
It includes a bibliography and a set of www sites with information on frame relay networks. In the first layer physical another overhead is added, which includes the header and the trailer. All the slides are explained in a very simple manner. Introduced in the early 1980s and popular in europe up through the mid 1990s, x. Presently, it is used for networks for atms and credit card verification. Some important characteristics of frame relay are, it allows bursty data. Frame relay works at the datalink layer of the osi model and provides data transfer rates from 56 kbps to 1. Frame relay connects a lan to a lan through a wan by allowing you to share the cost of bandwidth. The basic frame protocol, which is used in the frame relay is hdlc and the typical speed is higher than the x. Lapb is a bit oriented protocol with frame structure as mentioned above. The cloud is the frame providers network, and the customer has no control or even.
Basic concepts of frame relay explained in easy language. X25 and frame relay are examples of what type of wan. Frame relay fragmentation implementation agreement frf. Even though several advanced technologies such as vpn, atm are available today, frame relay still rocks and will be in near future due to its features, benefits and lower cost in comparison with other point to point wan services. It uses packet switching and virtual circuits, and provides a data rate up to 64kbps. Frame relay is generally purchased as an alternative to a dedicated leased. All locations plug into the frame relay cloud, which is a conglomeration of dozens or hundreds of framerelay switches and routers. It begins at level 2 by testing for a valid frame and checking whether the frame contains user data or control information. Note that the frame relay operates only on frames because the protocol includes no network layer functionality. Ada 2 hal penting dalam frame relay, yaitu committed information ratecir dan committed burst sizecbs. Pdf on oct 8, 2017, ibrahim ali ibrahim diyeb and others published frame.
Frame relay is a highperformance wan protocol that operates at the physical and data link layers of the osi reference model. Frame relay is a layer 2 data link widearea networking wan protocol that. The isdn service you get from the phone company might at some point run on top of or through a frame relay network. Frame relay offers an attractive alternative to both dedicated lines and x. Configuring frame relay feature history release modification forinformationaboutfeaturesupportinciscoios software,useciscofeaturenavigator. Pdf isdn and broadband isdn with frame relay and atm.
In this section we discuss two endtoend wideareanetworking wan technologies, namely, x. In this same way, smds can carry frame relay, or atm, or x. Atm 2 a vc exists only while data is being transmitted on it, and all cells in a given atm. Frame relay is often described as a streamlined version of x. Frame relay is a widearea network with the following features. The frames in frame relay contain an expanded link layer address field that enables frame relay nodes to direct frames to their destinations with minimal processing. At this layer, x25 provides data link control using lapb, which is subset of hdlc protocol. Frame relay is strictly a layer 2 protocol suite, where as x. Download as ppt, pdf, txt or read online from scribd.
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